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7. Please briefly explain the meaning of the following abstract and describe what your next step would be if you were the author?"Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils poses a sicant threat to rice, which exhibits highly complex genetic mechanisms for both extemal detoxification and internal tolerance among cereal crops. several genes involved Al tolerance have been identified, the molecular mechar underlying Al tolerance in rice remain to be fully explored. Here, we functionally characterized the gibberellin-stimulated transcription gene OsGASRI, which encodes a small cysteine-rich peptide localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm and plays a significant role in AI tolerance in rice. The expression ASR1 is rapidly up-regulated by Al in rice root tips but not in the shoots. Its expression requlated by the central regulator Aluminum Resistance Transcription Factor 1 (ART), indicating that OsGASR1 functions as a novel gene in rice Al resistance independent of ART1. Knockout of OsGASR1 reduced root length but did not affect Al tolerance in rice, whereas overexpression of OsGASR1 enhanced tolerance without affecting Al distribution and accumulation and promoted the accu reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root tips. RNA-seg analysis revealed that overexpression of OsGASR1 uprequlated the expression of genes associated with cell wall modification, oxidative stress, AI tolerance. Collectively, these findings suggest that OsGASR1 is involved in Al tole dently of ART1, and the up-regulation of this gene is necessary for rice Al tolerance. i. 2025 Jan:350:112294. doi: 10.1016/j plantsci.2024.112294. Epub 2024 Oct 15.)

6. Plants have various types of interactions with other organisms. Provide examples of common alistic, parasitic, and competive relationships between plants and other organisms, and explain these relationships affect plant survival and evolution. (15 point)

5.Genetic variation is the basis of evolution. Discuss the main mechanisms that generate genetic variation in plants, including mutation, genetic recombination, and chromosomal variation. Explain how genetic variation plays a role in plant evolution. (15 point)

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5. X3 年銷售給客戶之附有保固保證(屬於保證型保固)之產品,客戶於 X4 年度中送回公司修理,X4 年公司需: (A)借記產品保證負債 (B)借記預付產品保證成本 (C)貸記產品保證費用 (D)借記產品保證費用

10 依憲法增修條文規定,關於總統宣布緊急命令,下列敘述何者正確? (A)總統為避免國家或人民遭遇緊急危難,得逕行發布緊急命令(B)須於發布緊急命令後 10 日內,提交國民大會追認(C)總統為應付財政經濟上重大變故,得經行政院會議發布緊急命令(D)總統於立法院休會期間,得經行政院會議之決議,依緊急命令法發布緊急命令

59 下列選項中「」的字音,何者前後一致? (A)懶「散」/「散」步 (B)參「差」/「差」異 (C)嫌「惡」/「惡」運 (D)排「比」/「比」鄰

29. 下列選項中「」的字音,何者前後一致? (A)懶「散」/「散」步 (B)參「差」/「差」異 (C)嫌「惡」/「惡」運 (D)排「比」/「比」鄰

9 下列選項中「」的字音,何者前後一致? (A)懶「散」/「散」步 (B)參「差」/「差」異 (C)嫌「惡」/「惡」運 (D)排「比」/「比」鄰

23 下列關於刑事訴訟法中第一審審判之敘述,何者正確? (A)為保障當事人權益,法院於審判期日前,不得調取或命提出證物 (B)法院就被告本人之案件調查共同被告時,該共同被告準用有關被告之規定 (C)告訴人得於審判中委任代理人到場陳述意見。但法院認為必要時,得命本人到場 (D)審判期日參與之法官如有更易者,應更新審判程序。參與審判期日前準備程序之法官有更易者,亦同