46. Aspartate residues frequently participate in acid-base catalysis because they:(A) Are permanently negatively charged.(B) Cannot accept protons.(C) Can act as both proton donors and acceptors.(D) Are hydrophobic at physiological pH.(E) Form covalent enzyme-substrate bonds.

46. Aspartate residues frequently participate in acid-base catalysis because they:
(A) Are permanently negatively charged.
(B) Cannot accept protons.
(C) Can act as both proton donors and acceptors.
(D) Are hydrophobic at physiological pH.

(E) Form covalent enzyme-substrate bonds.

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B1 · 2026/02/26

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Aspartate residues...

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9. Phospholipids are the primary structural components of the cell membrane bilayer. Which of the following descriptions regarding the function of phospholipids in the membrane bilayer is the most accurate? (A) Phospholipids, through their amphipathic nature, spontaneously form a barrier that prevents the free movement of water-soluble substances in and out of the cell. (B) The primary function of phospholipids is to act as active transport pumps, directly consuming ATP to move ions across the membrane. (C) Phospholipids remain in a fixed, static state within the membrane to provide mechanical rigidity and replace the need for a cytoskeleton. (D) The main function of phospholipids is to act as enzymes that catalyze the translation and modification of membrane (E) proteins. Phospholipids use their hydrophilic tails to create channels in the membrane core to facilitate the simple diffusion of large polar molecules.

46. Aspartate residues frequently participate in acid-base catalysis because they:
(A) Are permanently negatively charged.
(B) Cannot accept protons.
(C) Can act as both proton donors and acceptors.
(D) Are hydrophobic at physiological pH.

(E) Form covalent enzyme-substrate bonds.

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